Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome that develops in patients with cirrhosis and is characterized by acute decompensation, organ failure and high short-term mortality. One-third of patients who are hospitalized for acute decompensation present with ACLF at admission or develop the syndrome during hospitalization. | Acute-on-chronic liver failure in cirrhosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2, 16042 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.42