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Aorta is the largest artery in the human body and plays a crucial role in systemic circulation by carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Here's a structured overview:

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-soBqyJdq40

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.021

Central illustration:

Czerny M, Grabenwöger M, Berger T, et al. EACTS/STS Guidelines for Diagnosing and Treating Acute and Chronic Syndromes of the Aortic Organ. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2024;118(1):5-115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.021

Anatomy

The aorta is anatomically divided into several segments:

A. Ascending Aorta

• Originates from the left ventricle of the heart.
• Gives rise to coronary arteries (right and left), supplying the heart.

B. Aortic Arch

• Curves over the heart and gives rise to three major branches:
  1. Brachiocephalic artery → right subclavian and right common carotid
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery

Anatomical variants:

![Aortic arch types based on the relationship of the origins of the supraaortic vessels to the parallel plane perpendicular to the outer curvature of the arch

Kotelis, D., Bischoff, M.S., Jobst, B. et al. Morphological risk factors of stroke during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Langenbecks Arch Surg 397, 1267–1273 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-012-0997-6](attachment:afe9187d-aeb7-4ab2-86f4-cfe217e6fd6e:image.png)

Aortic arch types based on the relationship of the origins of the supraaortic vessels to the parallel plane perpendicular to the outer curvature of the arch

Kotelis, D., Bischoff, M.S., Jobst, B. et al. Morphological risk factors of stroke during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Langenbecks Arch Surg 397, 1267–1273 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-012-0997-6

C. Descending Aorta

• Divided into:
  • Thoracic Aorta: Located in the thorax; gives off branches like intercostal arteries.
  • Abdominal Aorta: Begins at the diaphragm and ends by bifurcating into the common iliac arteries.
    • Major branches: celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, etc.

Ishamaru zones:

![The Ishimaru classification divides the thoracic and abdominal aorta into a total of 12 anatomical zones and is used to standardize the description and therapeutic planning of aortic dissections and aneurysms. rPA, right pulmonary artery

Czerny M, Grabenwöger M, Berger T, et al. EACTS/STS Guidelines for Diagnosing and Treating Acute and Chronic Syndromes of the Aortic Organ. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2024;118(1):5-115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.021](attachment:573b3961-068d-4141-b8ef-86b4be5f8921:gr3_lrg.jpg)

The Ishimaru classification divides the thoracic and abdominal aorta into a total of 12 anatomical zones and is used to standardize the description and therapeutic planning of aortic dissections and aneurysms. rPA, right pulmonary artery

Czerny M, Grabenwöger M, Berger T, et al. EACTS/STS Guidelines for Diagnosing and Treating Acute and Chronic Syndromes of the Aortic Organ. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2024;118(1):5-115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.021