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Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a rare, neurocytic tumor with focal adipocytic differentiation, arising typically in the posterior fossa—most often within the cerebellar hemisphere or vermis. It is a WHO CNS Grade 2 tumor with low proliferative potential and neurocytic–lipomatous histology.

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Epidemiology

Very rare: <0.1% of all intracranial tumors
Age: Typically presents in adults (mean ~50 years)
Sex: Slight female predominance
May be familial in rare cases (autosomal dominant)

Etiopathogenesis

Believed to arise from neuronal progenitors within the cerebellum or brainstem
Shows neuronal differentiation with variable lipomatous metaplasia
No consistent molecular signature, though MYC and TP53 mutations reported in some cases
Immunophenotypically distinct from medulloblastoma

Clinical Features

Symptom	Explanation
Cerebellar ataxia	Most common, due to mass effect
Headache, nausea, vomiting	Signs of raised intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus
Visual disturbances	Due to increased ICP or brainstem compression
Seizures	Uncommon (supratentorial extension is rare)

Location

Cerebellar hemisphere or vermis
May involve fourth ventricle or extend into brainstem
Rare supratentorial cases reported