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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant epithelial tumor arising from the mucosal lining of the colon or rectum. The vast majority (~95%) are adenocarcinomas.

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CRC represents a major global health burden, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVTeLRdf3eE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6v-y6hr4EQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9nmRjmHJ-U

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44Eq2pZO9LM

Epidemiology

• Peak incidence: 6th–7th decade of life.
• Slight male predominance.
• Geographic variation: Higher incidence in developed/Western nations.
• Lifetime risk: ~5–6%.

Risk Factors

Genetic/Hereditary:

• Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP, APC mutation)
• Lynch syndrome (HNPCC, mismatch repair gene mutations)
• MUTYH-associated polyposis
• Peutz–Jeghers, Juvenile polyposis (rare)

Acquired/Environmental: