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Enchondroma is a benign medullary cartilaginous tumor, composed of mature hyaline cartilage, most commonly found in the small bones of the hands and feet.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DCh1Q58e_I
- It is the most common intramedullary cartilage tumor, often discovered incidentally.
- Common site: Proximal humerus, distal femur, proximal tibia and phalanges
- Location in bone: Central
Etiopathology
- Origin: Arises from residual cartilage rests within the medullary cavity of bones formed by endochondral ossification.
- Very low risk of malignant transformation (except in syndromic forms)
Syndromic associations:
- ↑ Risk of malignant transformation (25–50%) in both syndromes
| Syndrome |
Features |
| ‣ |
Multiple enchondromas, asymmetrical |
| ‣ |
Multiple enchondromas + ‣ |
Histopathology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJSwR1cDkBU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLqr7Ld5-qc
- Lobules of mature hyaline cartilage
- Low cellularity, small nuclei
- No atypia, mitoses, or myxoid degeneration