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Ewing sarcoma is a high-grade malignant tumor composed of undifferentiated small round blue cells, most commonly arising in bone but also seen in soft tissue (extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma).

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb25_TFxAmI

It is part of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which includes:

Classic Ewing sarcoma of bone
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET)

👥 1. Epidemiology

Feature	Description
Age	Most common between 10–20 years
Sex	Male > Female (~1.5:1)
Incidence	2nd most common primary bone tumor in children after osteosarcoma
Ethnicity	Rare in individuals of African descent

Etiopathogenesis

Genetic basis:

Driven by chromosomal translocation:
- Most common: t(11;22)(q24;q12) → EWSR1–FLI1 fusion gene
Results in an oncogenic transcription factor
Associated with aggressive growth and metastasis

Clinical Features

Localized pain, often severe and worse at night
Swelling and palpable mass
Fever, anemia, elevated ESR (can mimic osteomyelitis)