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Ischemic colitis (IC) is a transient or permanent injury to the colon due to acute or chronic compromise of its blood supply, leading to inflammation, ulceration, and sometimes necrosis.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jf8Ng6foN34

• It is the most common form of intestinal ischemia.
• Usually affects elderly patients, but can occur in younger individuals with vascular risk factors.

Etiopathology

Non-occlusive hypoperfusion (most common):

• Hypotension/shock (sepsis, myocardial infarction, CHF)
• Hypovolemia
• Hemodialysis

Occlusive vascular disease:

• Atherosclerosis
• Arterial thromboembolism
• Venous thrombosis
• Iatrogenic (post-aortic or mesenteric intervention)

Other:

• Hypercoagulable states
• Vasculitis (PAN, SLE)
• Drugs (digitalis, diuretics, vasoconstrictors, cocaine)

Pathophysiology