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Urethral caruncle is a benign, inflammatory, polypoid lesion of the female urethral meatus, usually arising from the posterior lip of the urethra.

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• Considered the most common urethral lesion in postmenopausal women.

Epidemiology

• Predominantly in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency.
• Rare in premenopausal women and children.

Etiopathogenesis

Thought to arise from:

• Chronic inflammation.
• Estrogen deficiency → atrophic urogenital mucosa.
• Venous congestion at urethral meatus.

Clinical Features

Often asymptomatic (incidental finding). Symptomatic cases:

• Small, soft, red, polypoid mass at posterior urethral meatus.
• Dysuria, frequency, urgency.
• Post-void dribbling.
• Hematuria or spotting (lesion bleeds easily).
• Pain, local tenderness.